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漁獲物の船内鮮度保持の改善に関する研究 (1) Studies on the Improvement of Keeping Freshness of the Catch of Fish and Shellfish on Board (1) 開洋丸北部南シナ海漁場調査における漁獲物および以西底びき網漁獲物の鮮度調査 Survey of Freshness of the Fish Caught By the R/V KAIYO-Maru in the Northern Area of the South China Sea, and Caught By Trawl Fisheries in the East China and the Yellow Seas Ehira, Shigeo 江平, 重男 エヒラ, シゲオ Ehira 江平 エヒラ Shigeo 重男 シゲオ Uchiyama, Hitoshi 内山, 均 ウチヤマ, ヒトシ Uchiyama 内山 ウチヤマ Hitoshi 均 ヒトシ metadata only access Fisheries circles of trawlers operating in the East China and the Yellow Seas have been suffering from a shortage of resources caused by over catching. As one of the counter-measures to overcome the crisis in running the fisheries, the fisheries circles determined a plan to increase the added value of their catch and asked the authors to survey freshness of the catch at the time of landing. So, freshness of the catch landed at Fukuoka and Nagasaki fishing ports was surveyed in May and June, 1971. The samples collected at Fukuoka and Nagasaki had been caught by 39 and 49 trawlers, respectively, and totaled 549 and 317, respectively (Table 1), ranging over more than 42 and 30 species, respectively (Table 2). Storage time on board and use of the catch were surveyed by interviewing. A small portion of muscle was taken from each sample, immediately dry-iced, frozen-stored at -40°C to await analysis. An index for estimating freshness of fish, K value of all 866 samples were measured. On the other hand, as a model experiment of ice storage, 16 important species of fish in this fisheries caught by the Research Vessel of the Fisheries Agency, KAIYO-Maru in the East China and South China Seas in May, the same year were iced and lowering of their freshness was followed on board by measuring their K values. Whether the freshness of the catch at the time of landing can be improved or not was discussed by compairing the results of the survey with those of the model experiment. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) As a method for keeping freshness of the catch on board, ice storage was employed by all the fishing boats surveyed. Storage time on board was 1-9 days in fishing boats of Fukuoka and 2-10 days in those of Nagasaki (Table 1). 2) K values of Fukuoka and Nagasaki samples ranged from 1 to 94% and from 2 to 91%, respectively, and most of them showed less than 30%. However, a considerable number of the samples showed higher values (Figs. 1~3). 3) Confidence limits at 95% level of the mean of K values were 31.2 ± 2.0% for Fukuoka samples (Suppl .- table 1 and Fig. 4-c) and 23.6 ± 2.1% for Nagasaki samples (Suppl .- table 2 and Fig. 5-b). A similar tendency that the K values of Fukuoka samples were higher than those of Nagasaki samples when compared by species was also found (Fig. 6). 4) The species whose confidence limits at 95% level of the mean of the K values were distributed around 20% or less were as follows; 2 species, lizard fish and Japanese red bream in Fukuoka samples (Fig. 4-a) and 7 species, sharp-toothed eel, lizard fish, frog-flounder, alfoncin (Fig. 5-a), brutulid, gobies and prawn-killer in Nagasaki samples (Fig. 5-b), (Supple-tables 1 and 2). 5) K values of the following specise were particularly high, their mean showing higher than 50%; 7 species, white croaker, hairtail, red mullet, a species of star gazers, angler and 2 species of squid in Fukuoka samples, and star gazers of Nagasaki samples (Suppl .- tables 1, 2, Figs. 4-a~c and 5-b). 6) As a result of the model experiment of ice storage of 16 important fish species in this fisheries, K values of 11 species increased above 20% within the present storage time on board (Fig. 7). 7) It was considered that the species whose freshness could be improved without shortening of the present storage time on board were limited to 5, lizard fish and Yellow Sea bream in both fishing ports, sharp-toothed eel, John Dory and brutulid in Fukuoka fishing port (Fig. 7). 8) From the results described above, it was concluded that, in order to drastically enhance the added value of the catch in this fisheries, a new method-partial freezing-for keeping freshness of fish other than ice storage or frozen storage is needed. 1971年5~6月,福岡および長崎両漁港において,以西底びき網漁獲物の水揚げ時点の生鮮度調査を行なった。試料は福岡では39隻分の漁獲物より42種以上,549検体,長崎では49隻分,30種以上,317検体,計88隻分,44種以上,866検体を採取(表1,2),鮮度判定恒数,K値を測定した。さらに水産庁調査船,開洋丸に乗船して行なった氷蔵モデル試験の成績と対比して,氷蔵法による鮮度保持改善の可能性について考察を加えた。得られた結果はつぎのごとく要約された。1) 船内鮮度保持には全調査漁船が氷蔵法を採用しており,船内貯蔵期間は福岡港漁船1~9日,長崎港漁船2~10日であった(表1)。2) K値は福岡試料で1~94%,長崎試料2~91%に分布,大部分は30%以下を示したが,高い値を示すものが多数みられた(図1~3)。3) K値平均値の95%信頼区間は,福岡試料31.2±2.0%(付表1,図4~c),長崎試料23.6±2.1%(付表2,図5ーb)を示し,両者間には有意差が認められた。福岡試料が長崎試料より高い傾向は,魚種別平均値間にもみられた(図6)。4) K値平均値信頼区間がほぼ20%以下の魚種は,福岡試料ではワニエソ,マダイの2例(Fig.4 a),長崎試料ではハモ, ワニエソ,メイタガレイ,キソメダイ(図5ーa),ヨロイイタチウオ,ハゼ類,ウチワエビ等(図5ーb)7種類であった(付表1,2)。5) 特に高いK値を示した魚種は,福岡漁港のシログチ,タチウオ,ヒメジ,ミシマオコゼ,アンコウ,ヤリイカ,ワカイカ等7例,長崎漁港のオコゼ類で,何れも平均値が50%以上を示した(付表1,2,図4-a~c,図5-b)。6) モデル氷蔵試験の結果,現行の船内貯蔵期間中にK値20%を越える魚種は,対応のある16魚種中11種に達した(図7)。7) 船内貯蔵期間を短縮せずに鮮度保持改善の可能性を期待しうる魚種は,両港におけるワニエソ,“レンコダイ”,福岡漁港のハモ,マトウダイ,ヨロイイタチウオ等5例にすぎなかった(図7)。8) 上記結果から,以西底びき漁業界が迫られている漁獲物の付加価値増大のためには,氷蔵,冷凍に代る新貯蔵法,Partial freezing 法の導入が必要であると結論された。それによって魚種を問わず,少なくとも氷蔵法の2倍以上の貯蔵延長が期待できる。 東海区水産研究所 Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 1983-12-25 jpn departmental bulletin paper https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2005366 tokai_k_112_117 https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010291736 日本農学文献記事索引(agriknowledge) AN00156834 0040-8859 東海区水産研究所研究報告 Bulletin of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 112 26 117 142