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クルマエビ栽培における種苗とその播殖に関する諸原理について
https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2003370
https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2003370ac480d50-6369-445c-b64f-858588976efa
| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 公開日 | 2024-04-25 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | クルマエビ栽培における種苗とその播殖に関する諸原理について | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | Certain principles pertaining to the penaeid shrimp seedling and seeding for the farming in the sea | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 言語 | ||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
| アクセス権 | ||||||
| アクセス権 | metadata only access | |||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | |||||
| 著者 |
倉田, 博
× 倉田, 博 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | Recent accumulation of knowledges in several parts of the world concerning various aspects of the penaeid shrimp biology lead the present writer to venture to study the limiting factor or factors which may have leading roles on the distribution and abundance of natural population of the penaeid shrimp in certain parts of the world. Trough the investigation into published literatures and examination of the data obtained from our own experimental seeding operations, the following principles fundamentally reqired to the penaeid shrimp seedling and seeding for the successful farming in the estuarine ecosystems have been developed and proposed. 1) The seedling should be of the same phase of life history as does the shrimp of commercial size, since a more or less stable survival rate of the seedlings from seeding to harvest must be realized for the successful farming (Life history stage principle). The most suitable stage for the penaeid shrimp seedling, according to this principle, will be the minimum size (25~30mm. in body length in P. japonicus) of adolescent phase (cf. Table 2). 2) The seedling should be of the life history phase in which the habitat is the most nearshore and the population the most concentrated in comparatively narrow area so that certain artificial habitat improvements through engeneerings may easily be applied (Habitat principle). According to this principle the best stage for the seedling will be the earliest stage of benthic exsistance (7~9mm. in body length in P. japonicus, cf. Fig. 6). 3) Unfortunately the most suitable life history stages of the seedling according to the above two principles do not coincide each other for P. japonicus. Since it seems hardly feasible economically to raise a large number of juveniles from egg until they attain the adolescent phase in one and the same rearing tank, develoment of effective seeding methods for the earliest benthic stage juveniles is of greatest importance. 4) Predation by various fishes foraging around seeded areas has been thought to be one of the main cause of immediate decrease in the number of juveniles seeded artificially in the estuarine ecosyetems. It is estimated that the survival rates as high as 35~50 percent of the juveniles within 24 hours after seeding may be obtained by preventing fish predations. 5) There should be certain effective hiding agents for the juveniles in the seeding area in order to minimize predation by foraging fishes (Hiding agent principle): The most universal and fundamental hiding agent in the tidal eatuary where the penaeid shrimp juveniles carry their early benthic life and they are usually to be seeded in farming operations may be different depending on the shrimp's life form, and has been claimed to be the turbidity of water for the wandering species such as Penaeus seti ferus and P. sztecus in the Northeastern Atlantic, P. indicus and P. merguiensis in the Indo-West Pacific and P. orientalis in the Pwok Hai-Yellow Sea, and shallow tide pools in the intertidal zone between the mean lower low water and the mean sea level for the typical consistent species such as Penaeus ja ponicus and P. semisulcatus in the Indo-West Pacific. These pools should be too shallow to stay for many of the foraging fishes and yet deep enough for the shrimp juveniles at low tides. Apart from the amount of available foods, presence and adequacy of these conditions, among others, seem to have a leading role in the world distribution of penaeid shrimp as well as in the success of farming operations by seeding artificially raised juveniles. 6) Seedling should be distirbuted as sparsely and evenly as possible in relation totheir suitable habitats (Dispersion principle), since it is well known that the predator's ration is a function of concentration and degree of patchiness of distribution of the prey. 7) A set of methods for the successful seeding of juveniles of the earliest benthic existance has been developed and proposed to put the hiding agent and dispersion principles into practice taking the best advantage of the combination of tidal and day-night cycles when, and the bottom topography where, the juveniles are to be seeded. Directions of improvement of the methods to overcome the restrictions by natural conditions have also been discussed. | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | (1) 種苗を播殖してクルマエビを栽培するために考慮すべき諸原理を検討した。(2) 商品段階までの安定した生残率を実現するためには,播殖種苗は商品個体と同じ発育段階に達している必要がある(発育段階原理)。(3) 播殖種苗の生残りや生長に支配的な要因を人為的に管理するために,種苗の生活域はなるべく岸に近くかつ狭い(したがって高密度になる)発育段階であることが必要である(生活域原理)。(4) 上の二原理による最適種苗の発育段階は必ずしも一致しない。クルマエビでは発育段階原理によれば幼年期の最小型が,生活域原理によれば底棲初期稚仔が,最適種苗である。一連の栽培工程を綜合的に考えて底棲初期稚仔の有効種苗化の重要性を指摘した。(5) 底棲初期稚仔を直接自然生態系へ播殖して,安定した歩留りで生残らせる播殖方法を開発するために,自然個体群における生残機構を考察し,被食の重要性を指摘すると同時に,クルマエビ類稚仔における基本的な防御手段を論じた。(6) 播殖稚仔が自然生態系の中で捕食魚類と共存しながら生残るためには効果的なかくれ場が必要である(かくれ場の原理)。自然における最も基本的なかくれ場は放浪型クルマエビ類では水の濁り,典型的な定住型クルマエビ類では大体平均低低潮面から平均潮位までの潮間帯における浅い潮だまりである。(7) 種苗の播殖はすみ場所に対してなるべく一様な密度で散布しなければならない(分散の原理)。(8) 稚仔種苗を効果的に播殖するために,自然条件を最大限に利用する方法を提唱し,さらにそれを克服するための技術開発の方向を示唆した。 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| 書誌情報 |
ja : 南西海区水産研究所研究報告 en : Bulletin of the Nansei Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 巻 5, p. 33-75, ページ数 43, 発行日 1972-08-31 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | 南西海区水産研究所 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | Nansei Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| ISSN | ||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0388-841X | |||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00181988 | |||||
| 情報源 | ||||||
| 識別子タイプ | Local | |||||
| 関連識別子 | nnf_k_5_33 | |||||
| 関連サイト | ||||||
| 識別子タイプ | URI | |||||
| 関連識別子 | https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010054181 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| 関連名称 | 日本農学文献記事索引(agriknowledge) | |||||
