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瀬戸内海におけるマエソの資源生物学的研究

https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2005114
https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2005114
53aeac91-c011-4af4-b6dc-ca4b5ac92497
Item type 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1)
公開日 2024-05-17
タイトル
タイトル 瀬戸内海におけるマエソの資源生物学的研究
言語 ja
タイトル
タイトル FISHERY BIOLOGY OF LIZARD FISH, Saurida undosquamis, IN THE INLAND SEA AND ITS ADJACENT WATERS
言語 en
言語
言語 jpn
資源タイプ
資源タイプ識別子 http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
資源タイプ departmental bulletin paper
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アクセス権 metadata only access
アクセス権URI http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
著者 多々良, 薫

× 多々良, 薫

WEKO 3364

en Tatara, Kaoru

ja 多々良, 薫

ja-Kana タタラ, カオル

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内容記述タイプ Abstract
内容記述 In order to improve the fishery productivity, ground fish resources in the Inland Sea and its adjacent waters have been under study since 1951 by the Inland Sea Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory in Hiroshima. In 1957, this study was placed under the cooperation plan of this laboratory and its related thirteen prefectural fishery survey stations. Although there are many commercially exploited fishes in this area, a so-called true lizard fish, Saurida undosquamis, was taken up for investigation by the author. The results obtained from 1951 to 1962 are reported here in this paper. Because it is one of the important item3 of this research propgram to cralify the mechanism of biological production based on the energy flow through fish resources, a special emphasis was placed on analysis of feeding mechanism of this species. The (stapled) data used were obtained from "Annual Report of Catch Statistics on Fishery and Aquiculture" of Japanese Government, the test fishing by two-boat trawlers and small type trawlers, and the survey on the commercial catch of trawl fisheries in the Inland Sea and its adjacent outer coastal area. The summaries of this report are as follows : 1. There are three species of Genus Saurida in the coastal waters of South-west Japan including the East China Sea. They are S. tumbil, S. undosquamis and S. elongata. S. tumbil is the most offshore species and one of the most important fishes for trawl fishery in the East China Sea, while S. elongata is the most inshore of the three. S. undosquamis, called Maeso in Japanese (meaning true lizard fish), is intermediate in distribution, and well exploited by coastal trawl fisheries. S. undosquamis taken up for study is not only one of the most important commercial species for small type trawler in the Inland Sea and trawl fishery of the continental shelf expanding along the outer coast of Shikoku Island, but one of the piscivorous species ranked highest in food chain of the bottom fish resources in these waters, playing an important role in population dynamics. 2. These lizard fishes are a part of the important trawl catch, and hold 6.1% in weight of total catch in the survey area, especially showing 15. 2% in the outer coastal region (Table 1). Although this species occurs all over the area under survey, its heavy distribution is seen both in the Kii Channel, the eastern entrance to the Inland Sea, and in the Bungo Channel, its western entrance (Fig. 1). By further analysis of catch patterns (Figs. 3, 4,5), catch data of test fishing (Table 5), commercial catch (Table 6) of this fish, and the topographic features of the continental shelf along the outer coast of Shikoku (Figs. 1, 2), it seems to be probable that the stock of this fish in the survey area is divided into two distinct sub-populations, Based on geographical distribution, they can be called respectively Kii Channel (or Eastern). sub-population with its spawning area in the Kii Channel, and Bungo Channel (or Western) sub-population that spawns heavily in the Bungo Channel. The Eastern sub-population spreads in east part of the Inland Sea from Bisan Seto to the outer coast of Tokushima Prefecture, fishing grounds being indicated by Nos. 12, 8, 9, 10 and 11. On the other hand, the Western sub-population distributes in western part of the Inland Sea, reaching Tosa Bay through the Bungo Channel, with fishing grounds indicated by Nos, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6 and 7 (Fig. 1). The trawlers in the Inland Sea are rather of very small type, about 75% of their catch being made by boats under 5 tons (Table 2). But after World War II, the modernization of fishing boats has been carried out in size and equipment, and consequently the catch composition has changed raising the level of exploitation in higher rank species, such as lizard fish, in prey-predator relationship of the bottom fishes (Table 3). There are also some geographic features in fishing intensity, that is, eastern half of the Inland Sea is generally more exploited than its western half. As for trawl fishery, the fishing intensity given to the ground fish resources in eastern waters is presumed about twice that in western half (Table 4). Because these two sub-populations are considered to have many biological differences depending on different fishing intensity and population size as known from above and later descriptions, it is very interesting especially to work out their comparative biology from the standpoint of fisheries. 3. The true lizard fish taken in the Kii and Bungo Channel proper showed the widest range of total length in size composition in each sub-population (Fig. 6), larger size dominating on the outer coastal grounds and smaller on the inner grounds of the Inland Sea respectively. Though the general feature of distribution by fishing grounds was similar to each other, size composition of eastern sub-population was biased toward younger groups than western sub-popula.ion, and this fealure was clearly recognized in age composition by sub-populations as described later. Mode of total length by age groups showed a little variation yearly in both sub-populations. For example, mode of total length in September, the end of the most rapid growth season, ranged from 18 to 21 cm in 1-age, 25 to 27 cm in 2-age and 31 to 32 cm in 3-age group (Fig. 8, Table 7). Next, sex ratio (♀ / ♂ +♀) by size classes was examined, and the larger in size the more females in both sub-populations. In fact, sex ratio of recruitment showed 30 to 40%, while it was over 50% in the size classes larger than 20 cm in the eastern sub-population, and 26 cm in the western sub-population, though sex change is not seen in this species (Fig. 10). In spite of the fact that the eastern sub-population was biased toward younger (smaller) size groups in total size composition, as previously mentionedt, he sex ratio estimated for the total eastern sub-population (47%) was larger than that of the western sub-population (35%). Spawning season of the eastern sub-population (May to August) was earlier than that of the western one (June to September) (Fig. 11). Spawner of the former was smaller in size than that of the latter, and size of spawner varied a little year by year (Fig. 12). Distribution of this fish changed little by little as its age advances ; it occurred mainly in the channel waters in larval and fry stages, and then covered all the Inland Sea in immature stage, range of migration becoming wider in adult stage. Its distribution in winter was limited to the channel waters, but its range expanded both in spawning and feeding seasons (Fig 13). 4. Recruitment of this species varied in number distinctly year by year. Number of age of those caught in fishery was rather small, consisting of four at most. Therefore, in calculation of total mortality, the relative number of brood produced in 1957 was pursued for four years (Table 11). Supposing that there are no differences between sexes in fishing mortality, the differences in total mortality between sexes seemed to be caused by natural mortality. Separation of total mortality into fishing and natural mortality was tried for two sub-populations, by using the differences of total mortality by sexes and sub-populations. The results thus obtained are as follows : Sub-population | Sex | Total mortality | Fishing mortality | Natural mortality | Eastern |♂ | 0.96 | 0.69 | 0.87 | ♀ | 0.87 | 0.69 | 0.59 | Western | ♂ | 0.88 | 0.45 | 0.87 | ♀ | 0.72 | 0.45 | 0.59 Estimated fishing mortality of the eastern sub-population was about 1.6 times that of the western sub-population, and has increased up to two times since ten years before (Fig. 15, Table 13). 5. In the following, qualitative and quantitative analysis of stomach contents was done for the study of feeding mechanism of this fish. At first, species composition of stomach contents was examied, As a result it was made clear that preys seen in stomach differed between waters rand between months, especially the difference between the Inland Sea and outer coast being most distinct (Table 14). Number of prey species appeared in stomach was most in the channel waters and least in the innermost of the Inland Sea (Fig. 16). Interesting was that number of prey species found in stomach corresponded to number of possible prey species in the sea estimated by test fishing. The prey species were usually composed of both adult fish of small type and young stages of the other fish. Weight composition of prey in stomach contents differed to that of catch, anchovy, sand eel, etc. generally appeared much more in stomach contents than in catch, while some other species were vice versa (Table 17). Shape of prey eaten showed a considerable variation with the size of predator (Table 15). Small sized groups preferred those preys lower in body height and circular in section, but larger groups fed on even those higher in body height. Among the prey fishes of this species, anchovy was one of the most favourable and devoured very much by all the size classes (Table 15, Fig. 17). From these observations, it was thought that this lizard fish fed selectively from among the possible prey animls after all. Therefore, the indices of preference for prey may be calculated by species by following formula, I. P.(i) = S(i)/C(i) where I. Pi : Index of preference for Sp. I S i : Percentage in weight composition of stamach content of Sp. I C i : Percentage in weight composition. of catch of Sp.i. The indices thus obtained were bigger in anchovy, Champsodon and mackerels (Table 18). But because preys that distribute so widely as anchovy are very few, it was common that local species like Champsodon of outer coast and gobiids of the Inland Sea, were found taken as prey. Species composition of prey, however, differs between groups and between sub-populations, so it does not be thought that the analysis of the species composition and index of preference alone is enough to make clear the qualitative feature of feeding mechanism of predator that migrates rather wider range as this lizard fish. 6. Therefore, in order to analyze feeding mechanism qualitatively, it will be better to deal with variability of prey in stomach contents (α) caluculated by the following formula, α = n∑o si . ri, where S is the weight percentage of prey under consideration and r is its serial number in the list of percentage values (in weight). Examining the the values of α thus obtained, qualitative features of stomach contents may be brought to light, not disturbed by lacal features of prey species. It was clearly recognized that variability of prey found in stomach contents on some fishing: ground is similar to that of possible prey species in catch there (Table 19). Then, how varies the variability with the size of this predator in each fishing ground was studied. As a result, the size group occupying larger amount of catch in weight showed smaller variability, that is, the variabilities of preys found in stomach were in reciprocal propotion to the density of their predator shoals, In other words, the size groups of predator in high density fed on the dominant prey species like anchovy (Table 20). On the other hand, the size groups representing small amount of catch rely on many prey species according low value of preference. As for sex, female's variability, if catch in weight was epual, was smaller than that of male, and when the catch weight of male was two times of female, it was expected to be of equal value between these (Table 21, Fig. 19). Between the stock size of sub-population and the variability of prey in stomach contents, there was a proportional relation (Table 22), that is, in the western sub-population or the year of higher population density, the variability becomes larger and prey expandsto offal prey species carrying low value of preference. The results thus obtained in sub-population level concerning the variability of prey are opposite to those in shoal level - between size classes, age groups or sexes -. However, these points have not yet been confirmed, so it is necessary to study further about the relation between popuiation size and distribution pattern or shoal structure. 7. For analyzing the quantitative features of feeding activity coefficient of stomach content weight, used as feeding rate, was calulated by the following formula. F = ∑ S. C.W./ ∑ B.W. - (∑ S. C.W. + ∑ G.W.) × 100 S. C.W.: stomach contents weight B. W.: body weight G. W.: gonad weight Feeding rate by sexes and by size groups showed the same tendency for two. sub-populations, 1-age group under 20 cm in male and about 18 to 24 cm group in female indicated largest feeding rate, and the larger the size, the smaller the feeding rate (Fig. 20). Feeding activity varied month after month, and it was very remarkable from May to September (Fig, 21), so these analyses and following studies were conducted based on the data obtained insummer. Feeding rate by size group relates to the amount of catch in weight, and the group larger in catch weight shows a relatively larger feeding rate (Fig. 23). But relation between the amount of prey and feeding rate of this fish does not show any dependency in analysis by haul (Table 23). Then, the relation between feeding rate and population size was examined by sub-populations and years. The results obtained were slightly different between age groups, but, in one-and two-age groups that occupy the most part of each sub-population, it was clear that the feeding rate of sub-population in heigher density was smaller than that of lower density's (Table 24). That is, in sub-population level of this fish, feeding rate and density showed an inverse relation. Feeding rate worked out for sub-population level showed a different trend from that for shoal level referred to before, but these results of quantitative study were simialr to those of qualitative one. Then, it is necessary to make a quantitative study in order to clarify the relation between distribution pattern or shoal structure and population sizes, as in the qualitative study for stomach contents. From these investigations, it may be concluded that feeding activities of this species depend, first, on the condittions of individual fiish - such as sex, size, age and spawning, etc. – and also, on its own density both in shoal and population levels, as well as the qualitative and quantitative feature of prey environment. 8. As the author mentioned before, fishing intensity of the eastern sub-population was about two times that of the western sub-population, and the population density of the former was one third that of the latter. Moreover, according to the fluctuation of the amount of recruitment, the size of both sub-populations varied greatly year by year (Table 25). Relation between the density and biological featnres of each sub-population was summarized as in Tables 24 and 25. In Table 24, the difference in sex ratio and size composition of spawner means that the sub-population smaller in density gets the bigger reprodutive rate ; and also the difference in feeding rate and growth rate results in the bigger growth rate of individuals in the lower density sud-population. Therefore, it will be reasonable concluded that variation of the population density causes the change of the biological features of its own individuals, and then this process to some extent regulates the population's own size and density.
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内容記述タイプ Abstract
内容記述 (1) 日本南西沿岸に分布するマエソ属には,ワニエソ,マエソおよびトカゲエソの3種があり,ワニエソはもっとも沖合性が強く東支那海における底曳漁業の重要漁獲物として知られ,マエソはそれより沿岸性で沿岸大陸棚や内湾に分布している,マエソよりさらに沿岸性の強いトカゲエソは主として内湾に分布し,マエソと共に沿岸底曳漁業の主な漁獲物である。マエンは瀬戸内海の小型底曳漁業および内海に隣接する外海大陸棚底曳漁業の対象資源のなかの重要魚種であるばかりでなく、生態的にはもっとも高次な魚食性魚類の一つで,底魚群集の動態に重要な役割を果している。この研究は,瀬戸内海漁業振興対策調査として,内海区水産研究と関係水産試験場が1957年から1960年まで額戸内海周辺で行なった漁業資源調査のうち,マエソにつての結果をとりまとめたものである。資料としては,漁獲統計のほかに,中型2双曳船による試験操業と小型および中型以東底曳当業沿の漁獲物調査結果がおもなものである。(2) まず漁獲統計から求めたマエソの漁獲を水域別にみると,紀伊水道と豊後水道,伊予羅に主要な分布水域がある。試験操業による漁獲の分析および四国外海の大陸期の形状などから,この水域のマエソが,2つの量的変動単位に分かれることを明らかにした。これらを,紀伊水道をおもな産卵水域とする東系群と,豊後水道を主産卵水域とする西系群と呼ぶこととした。東系群は徳島県外海から紀伊水道を経ておよそ備讃額戸までの内海東部水域に,西系群は土佐湾から豊後水道を経て燧灘西部までの水域に分布している。この両系群に加えられる漁獲強度は,内海の東部水域と西部水域の経済的背景を反映して,東が西の約1.9倍に速している。西系群は,漁獲強度のちがいだけでなく、年みの加入量にも変動があって,資源量は系群間または年度問に差異があり,その生物学的待性にもそれぞれ特徴がある。この研究では、つぎに東西系群の生物学的特性について分析的に検討した。(3) 体長組成を水域別にみると東系群では紀伊水道で,西系群では伊予灘と豊後水道で体長範囲がもっとも大きく,内海では小型魚の割合が大きく外海段ど大型魚が多い。また系群別に、月別体長組成から成長経過を明らかにしたが,1才魚の9月の体長は年度による違いがあり,そのモードは大略18~21cmであった。高年群ほど年度による変動は少なく、9月の体長モードは2才魚で25~27cm,3才魚では31~32cmであった。なお体長はすべて尾叉長の値である。東系群について,1951~1952年の体長組成と,1959~60年の体長組成を較べると,雌雄とも後者の体長が若干大きい。つぎに系群別に体長級別性比を調べたところ,両系群とも大型魚になるに従い雌の割合が多くなるが,若年魚とくに新しい加入群では著しく雌が少なく,30~40%にすぎない。体長の増加とともに雌の割合が高くなるが,東系群では約20cmで雌が50%をこえ,西系群では約26cmになるまで雄の数が多い。そして系群全体としては,東系群の雌の百分率が約47%に対し,西系群では約35%を示している。つぎにこの魚種の産卵生態を調べるため,卵巣重量から成熟度指数(付表3)を求めて検討した。産卵期は東系群では5~8月,西系詳では6~9月で,東系群が約1カ月早いと推定した。また東系群の蓄卵雌魚の体長組成は西系群より小型魚の割合が多く、それぞれの系群では年度により若干体長組成にちがいが見られた。生育段階別の分布(第13図)をみると,幼稚魚期には同系群とも主としてそれぞれの水道水域に分布し,未成魚期には内海域に広がり外海には少ない,成魚の越冬期には分布拖囲がもっとも狭くなり両水道水城に限ぎられ,産卵期,索餌期の順に内海域へ分布範囲が広がる。(4) 両系群の年々の加入量はそれぞれ変動があり,しかも構成年令群が少なくたかだか3~4才魚までであるため,ある時点における年令組成から全減少率などの資源特性値を求めるのは妥当でない。そのため内海域について,1957年発生の年級群の資源量を1958年から60年まで追跡して全減少率を求めた。漁獲死亡には雌雄間の差がないとして,全死亡率の差異は雌雄の自然死亡率によるとし,系群列に漁獲死亡と自然死亡の分離を試みた。その結果はつぎのとおりである。全減少率 漁獲死亡率 自然死亡率(外海への逸散を含む) 東系群 ♂ 0.96 0.70 0.87 ♀ 0.87 0.70 0.59 西系群 ♂ 0.88 0.47 0.87 ♀ 0.72 0.47 0.59 この結果から,東系群の漁獲死亡は西系群の約1.6倍に達すると推定した。また東系群においては,1938~60年の漁獲死亡は約10年前の1951~52年当時の約2倍に達していると推定した。(5) 生物学的特性分析(2)では,マエソの摂餌機構を明らかにするため,主として胃内容物を餌生物の種類組成と摂餌率によって分析的に検討した。まず胃内容物の種類組成についてみると,水域によるちがいがあり,特に内海と外海の差が著しく,餌生物の出現種類数では水道水域がもっとも多く,内海奥部でもっとも少ない,マエソと同時に漁獲された餌生物種類数もこれと類似している。これらの餌生物となる種群の多くは、漁獲物のうちでは小型の成魚または小型未成魚であるが,漁獲物として得られた餌生物の組成と,マエソの胃内容物として出現した組成を較べると,两者は必ずしも一致しないで,一部の魚種例えばカタクチイワシ,イカナゴなどのように漁獲物中の組成に較べて胃内出現が著しく多いもの,あるいはこの逆の種類がみられた。胃内容物組成はマエソの体長によっても岩干かわる,小型のマエソは体高が低く断面が円型に近いもの,大型魚は体巾に比して体高の高い種群の割合が大きい。さらにマエソの体長に関係なくカタクチイワシのように出現量の大きい種類があって,マエソは水城に分布する餌生物の中から選択性をもって振餌しているようである。そこでマエソと同時に漁獲された餌生物の組成が水城の餌生物組成を表わすと仮定して,つぎのように餌生物選択指数を求めた。すなわち、胃内容物としての出現百分率(s)を,漁獲物としての出現百分率(d)で除した値を求め,これを餌生物選択指数とした。この指数によると,マニソは,カタクチイワシ,ワニギス,アジ類などを選択する度合が大きいようである。しかし,カタクチイワシのように分布範囲の広い餌生物はまれで,ワニギスのように外海だけに分布する種類,ハゼ類のように内海城に多い餌生物などが普通であり,両系群の餌生物の組成も,内海外海の組成も同じではない。それゆえ摂餌機構を明らかにするためには,水城別の胃内容物組成や選択指数の検討だけで十分とは考えられない。(6) このため,次に胃内容物の種類別重量百分率(Si)と,その大きい順に付した順位数(ri)とから,種類の分散の度合を表わす値として,胃内容物の分散度 α= n∑o Siriを求めで,餌生物種類の水域特性に影響されない,種類組成についての検討を行なった。まず雌雄別に胃内容物分散度を求めると、一般に雌の分散度が雄より小さく、水域別に求めた結果では,雌の漁獲最が雄の約2倍の時雌雄の分散度の値はほぼ等しい。すなわち,漁獲量が同じであれば,雌の胃内容物は雄よりカタクチイワシ等の主要餌生物に集中している度合が大きく、雄の胃内容物は他の雑多な餌生物まで種類が広がっている場合が多い。また同一水城の数曳網で漁獲されたマエソについで,体長級別に分散度を求めると,漁獲量の大きい体長殺の分散度は,漁獲量の少ない体長級より相対的に小さく、餌生物は集中している。すなわち,分散度の値は,漁運量で表わした魚群密度と逆の関係にあり,密度の大きい群ほど餌生物は主要種に集中している場合が多い。つぎに,系群別に年度による資源量の相対値と分散度の値の関係をみると,マエソ資源量の大きい年には、資源量の小さい年より,餌生物は雑多なものにまでおよび,分散度は大きいことが分った。すなわち,魚群の段階と系群の段階では,密度と胃内容物分散度の関係は相反する結果となる。このことについては,系群資源量と分布様式や魚群構成との関係を明らかにした上で、さらに検討する必要がある。(7) つぎに胃内容物の定量的特性を検討するため,胃内容物重量指数を求めて(付表3),摂餌率を表示する値とした。雌雄の摂餌率の値には大きい違いはないが,わずかに雌の値が大きく,出現体長範囲において雌が広いため,主として雌について検討し,時期的には摂餌活動のもっとも旺盛な夏期について行なった。体長級別の摂餌率を求めると、雌では約20cmの1才群がもっとも大きく、大型魚となるに従い摂餌率は小さくなる。雄では20cmまでの1才群の値が大きく,雌と同じように大型魚では小さい値となる。しかし,水域別にみると,摂餌率と漁獲量は高い相関関係があって,漁漫量の大きい体長群の摂餌率は漁変量の少ない体長群より大きい。マエソと同時に漁変された餌生物重量と,マエソの摂餌率の間には関係は認められない。これは,調査に用いたような底曳網では装れにくい餌生物のあるのが,一つの理由であろう。曳網別に摂餌率と胃内容物分散度の関係をみると、資源密度の大きい西系群は,東系群に較べて,摂餌率の如何にかかわらず分散度において大きいようである。系群の資源量と摂餌率の関係では,2カ年の結果ではあるが,両系群とも主群をなす1才魚の摂餌率において資源量と逆比例する。すなわち,資源量が減少すると,摂餌率においてわずかに大きく、分散度では小さい値を示している。摂餌率の検討においても,密度の大きさは魚群の段階と系群の段階で違った働きをしていて,この点については分散度の場合と同様に,マエソの資源量と分布様式などとの関係を明らかにした上で検討する必要があろう。これらの検討から,餌生物の水域や季節による分布の特色が,摂餌活動を特徴づける要因であるのは当然であるが,マエソの漁獲量(魚群密度)や,系群の資源量(密度)が抵餌活動を変動させる要因として無視できないと考えた。(8) 前述のように,東系群に加えられる漁獲強度は西系群の約1.9倍であったが,マエソの密度比率は,(東系群)/(西系群)≒35/123であって,東系群は西の約1/3に限ぎない。このように密度の水準が違うだけでなく,両系群ともそれぞれ年々の加入量には大きい変動があり,若年魚の割合が多いため,系群の資源密度は加入量によっても大きく左右される。資源密度と生物学的特性の関係のうち,性比の違いや,産卵群の若年化は,密度の小さい東系群の繁殖率(再生産力)を西系群より大きくすると推定されるし,密度の小さい年度には,個体の成長が良く,系群としては増大割合を大きくすると推定された。以上の観点から,資源密度と,食性·成長度·成熟体長·性比などの生物学的特性の変化とは関係が深いと考えられ,したがって,漁業資源の診断や管理において,これらの生物学的特性をさらに重要視しなければいけない。
言語 ja
書誌情報 ja : 内海区水産研究所研究報告
en : Bulletin of Naikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory

巻 22, p. 1-64, ページ数 64, 発行日 1965-03
出版者
出版者 内海区水産研究所
言語 ja
出版者
出版者 Naikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory
言語 en
ISSN
収録物識別子タイプ PISSN
収録物識別子 0497-5022
書誌レコードID
収録物識別子タイプ NCID
収録物識別子 AN00176718
情報源
識別子タイプ Local
関連識別子 nai_k_2201
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識別子タイプ URI
関連識別子 https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010841501
言語 ja
関連名称 日本農学文献記事索引(agriknowledge)
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