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人為的環境改変の魚類資源への影響に関する数理学的評価手法
https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2003181
https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2003181642720dc-6448-43e3-9ca5-eccc2fbc88c0
| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 公開日 | 2024-04-25 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | 人為的環境改変の魚類資源への影響に関する数理学的評価手法 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | Quantitative Methods for the Assessment of Effects of Human Activities on Fish Resources | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 言語 | ||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||
| キーワード | ||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||
| 主題 | human activities; stream fish resources; change-in-ratio method; index of biotic integrity; generalized linear model | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
| アクセス権 | ||||||
| アクセス権 | metadata only access | |||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | |||||
| 著者 |
小出水, 規行
× 小出水, 規行 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | Human activities such as reclamation, water pollution, stream channelization, etc. in coastal areas, rivers and streams cause a lot of damage not only to the fish resources but also to the entire ecosystem. The establishment of quantitative methods to assess the effects of human activities on fish resources are required both socially and scientifically. This study was done with the intention of establishing quantitative methods for both temporal and spatial changes of fish resources under various human activities. Chapter one comments on the necessity and place in fisheries science for assessment methods, and reviews this subject up to present, and details the desirable methods to assess anthropogenic impacts. In chapter II, relative index of the effects of human activities (S) based on temporal changes of composition in the ratios of two fish species was examined by the Change-In-Ratio method. S is expressed as follows; S = [(1 -p1)p2]/[p1(1-P2)], where p, and p2 are the ratios in period 1 and 2. It is equivalent to an index of the relative tolerance (i.e. survival rate) for each fish species to human activities and also an index of the quality of the fish habitat. Setting X and Y species, S indicates that X species is S times more tolerant than Y species to human activities. On the assumption that in the case of a stream survey, the means and variances of each estimator S and ratios were estimated by the sampling theory. Effects caused by weir construction were assessed using artificial data for the Japanese pale chub, Zacco platypus and the Japanese dace, Leusiscus hakonensis. The means of the two estimators obtained from the stratified random sampling on the riverbed types were more precise than those for the simple random sampling. Away from the sampling strategies, it was indicated that the variance of S could be used as a conservative variance by means of the Bootstrap method. The degree of bias in the mean of S derived from the relative sampling probability between the two fish species was examined, and the method to estimate the relative sampling probability was introduced. Estimates of the biased S and other estimators were corrected by the relative sampling probability estimated. In chapter III, the IBI (Index of Biotic Integrity) proposed by Karr (1981) has been applied as a synthetic quantitative index for the fish community. The classic IB/ is composed of 12 metrics to assess the attributes of the fish community, and indicates the sum of the scores of all metrics which are given numerical values of 5 . 3 . 1. The higher the IB/ value the effects of the human activities on the fish community is lower. IBI values for the lower and middle reaches of the seven streams in the Kanto district were calculated using the census data for Japanese rivers in 1990, and were compared with each other. In consideration of the biological and ecological characteristics of the Japanese stream fishes, the IBI was modified to 10 metrics in this study. IBI (maximum score: 50) on the seven streams were calculated as follows; the Kuji, 40; the Naka in Ibaragi and Tochigi Prefectures, 36; the Fuji, 34; the Edo, 32; the Tama, 30; the Naka in Tokyo and Saitama Prefectures, 20; and the Tsurumi, 20 respectively. The relationship between the IB/ and the land use of the watersheds were examined by analyzing topographical maps. The IBI gave a positive correlation with the area of forest in the watershed, and a negative correlation with the riparian urban area. In chapter IV, the GLM (Generalized Linear Model) has been used to identify factors that cause effects by human activities on fish resources. The GLM was extended to be applicable to any models with easing the flame of the normal distribution for classic linear normal models. The GLM for an analysis of the multiple regression type was carried out to assess the effects of urbanization on stream fish resources in terms of spatial changes on the 24 streams in Tokyo Prefecture. The IBI, number of individuals of each of four fish species and the total number of the four fish species selected in the stream fisheries were adopted each as response variables, and five quantitative and three qualitative environmental factors on the fish habitat were adopted as the explanatory variables. Also I used standard multiple regression analysis and quantification theory type I. Fitness propriety of the three methods was decided by AIC (Akaike Information Criterion). Results gave the minimum figure for GLM for each of the response variables, and at the same time A/C identified GLM as the best among the three methods. The coefficients of determination were larger in the case of GLM for IBI and the number of individuals of Japanese pale chub and the total of the above mentioned fish species than those of the other response variables. The coefficients of the explanatory variables (i.e. the environmental factors) for these GLM indicated that a high BOD, presence of odor and the absence of running water were not desirable factors for fish habitat quality. Direct assessment of effects of stream channelization on the fish habitat was performed after removing the seasonal temporal factor. The data were collected from fish sampled during the processes and periods of the stream channelization on a stream in the Chubu district. The number of individuals of Japanese pale chub was adopted as the representative quantitative index of the fish habitat quality. Loglinear models of the GLM type showed that the stream channelization reduced the fish habitat quality to 32~53% of original level. Effects of an artificial weir on the upstream migration of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis were assessed. Artificial data of four weirs which differed in the structure of the fish passage and height of weir were analyzed with the use of unbalanced replication in the experimental survey among the weirs. GLM was applied to two-factor analysis of variance with unbalanced replication type. It was demonstrated that for weir in which the height was large and the fish passage was absence prevented ayu migrating for the upstream. In chapter V, I discuss the connection among assessment methods adopted in this study, and also suggest assessment survey designs. Standard fish population dynamics methods, the quantification of environment and time series analyses should also be introduced to the assessment methods, and I refer the perspective in the subject of this study. At the same time, I consider forecast assessment methods, and emphasize that there is a pressing need for the stock assessment of aquatic organisms in coastal areas by means of the assessment methods established in this study. | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| bibliographic_information |
ja : 南西海区水産研究所研究報告 en : Bulletin of Nansei National Fisheries Research Instituite 巻 30, p. 21-90, ページ数 70, 発行日 1998-03 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | 南西海区水産研究所 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | Nansei National Fisheries Research Instituite | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| item_10002_source_id_9 | ||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0388-841X | |||||
| item_10002_source_id_11 | ||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00181988 | |||||
| 情報源 | ||||||
| 識別子タイプ | Local | |||||
| 関連識別子 | nnf_k_30_21 | |||||
| 関連サイト | ||||||
| 識別子タイプ | URI | |||||
| 関連識別子 | https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010552361 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| 関連名称 | 日本農学文献記事索引(agriknowledge) | |||||
