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本州東方海域におけるツノナシオキアミの漁業及び生活史に関する研究
https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2010837
https://fra.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/201083726798ea6-417d-4e72-a3e7-2ee06b85f50e
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
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公開日 | 2024-10-02 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
タイトル | 本州東方海域におけるツノナシオキアミの漁業及び生活史に関する研究 | |||||
言語 | ja | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
タイトル | Studies on fisheries and life history of Euphausia pacifica HANSEN off northeastern Japan | |||||
言語 | en | |||||
言語 | ||||||
言語 | eng | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | distribution; Euphausia pacifica; fishery; life history; northeastern Japan | |||||
資源タイプ | ||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
アクセス権 | ||||||
アクセス権 | open access | |||||
アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |||||
著者 |
瀧, 憲司
× 瀧, 憲司 |
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抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | Euphausia pacifica is the dominant euphausiid in the North Pacific Ocean. In the Japanese waters of the Pacific Ocean, it occurs as far south as Suruga Bay, 34˚50'N and extends northwards as far as the southwestern area of the Okhotsk Sea. E. pacifica is commercially exploited in Sanriku (38˚-41˚N) and Joban (36˚-38˚N) waters off northeastern Japan from late winter to early summer. The average annual catch and average annual value on landing is 66,000 ton and 3.1 billion yen, respectively, during the years 1992 and 2001. Because the annual catch, fishing period and landing value of E. pacifica varies between regions and years, accurate assessment of the fishery resource and prediction of fishing conditions for the next season have been demanded to maintain the stability of this fishery. On the other hand, E. pacifica is considered a key species because many endemic and migrant predators depend on this species as prey. In addition, the feeding impact by E. pacifica on the lower trophic levels in the ecosystem are significantly high considering its high biomass. Considering the important role of E. pacifica to transport organic matter from the lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels in the North Pacific, qualitative and quantitative analyses of distribution, life history and carbon budgets of E. pacifica have great importance for understanding the structure of marine ecosystems in this area. From the above mentioned reasons, the fishery, horizontal and vertical distribution, life history, biomass, carbon budgets (production and metabolism) and feeding of E. pacifica off northeastern Japan were examined in this study. To examine how oceanographic conditions have affected fishing conditions, annual variations of fishing conditions such as the strength of catch and CPUE (catch per unit effort) were investigated in relation to the oceanographic conditions such as the first branch of the Oyashio Current as well as the history of development of fishing methods and regulations in E. pacifica fishery. The relationship between the fishing conditions and oceanographic conditions is as follows. When the first branch of the Oyashio Current is weak, fishing conditions in northernmost Iwate Prefecture are rather stable but fishing condition in Miyagi Prefecture and southernmost Joban area is unstable, showing low CPUE and delayed formation of the fishing ground. On the other hand, when the first branch of the Oyashio Current is strong, fishing conditions in Miyagi Prefecture and Joban area are favorable as well as in Iwate Prefecture, showing high CPUE and early formation of the fishing ground. To examine the distribution and life history of E. pacifica, seasonal changes in spawning, distribution and growth patterns and life span of this species were investigated over a broad geographical area (mainly 36˚-43˚00' N and west of 145˚E) using Norpac net and cylindrical-conical net samples. Mating and spawning occurred throughout the year in the Oyashio area (T100≦5℃) and colder waters of the transitional area (5℃< T100≦10℃ , with a peak in spring but less in late fall-winter. Apparent growth was recognized from March to June for the small-sized group of adults. The life span of male and female E. pacifica off northeastern Japan was estimated to be 24 months and 28 months, respectively. E. pacifica gradually adapts to colder areas as the developmental stage progresses from furcilia to adults, and advanced-age adults (large-sized group of adult) rarely occur in warmer areas. Geographical distributional pattern of spawning and each stage was generally closely related to the distribution of the water masses. To examine physical and biological factors which determine the vertical distribution of E. pacifica, seasonal variations of vertical distribution of E. pacifica were investigated in the coastal and offshore waters (36˚-42˚00' N and west of 145˚E), using ORI, beam-trawl and MOCNESS-I net samples. In the Sanriku coastal waters, benthopelagic E. pacifica occurred on the upper slope from early summer to fall where strong thermocline occurred in the middle layer above colder temperatures under 8℃ in the low layer. In spring, adult E. pacifica forms dense pelagic aggregations throughout the day on the continental shelf where water with 7-8℃ dominates in the total water column. In the offshore area, annual average median depth of each developmental stage of E. pacifica at night tended to increase with the developmental stages from middle-furcilia to large adults, while the median depth in the daytime tended to increase with developmental stages from first calyptopis to sixth furcilia. Median depth at night of immature and adult stages tended to be deeper in the warmer areas in summer and fall, especially large adults hardly reached beyond the thermocline in the mid layer. In spring, the median depth during daytime of immature and adult stages was significantly shallower than that in other months and thus the distance of diurnal vertical migration tended to be shorter. To examine the characteristics of carbon budgets of E. pacifica, biomass, production and metabolism of E. pacifica were investigated along the coastal waters (36˚50'-42˚50'N). High biomass was found in summer-fall off southeastern Hokkaido, and in the late winter-early summer off Sanriku and Joban. Annual mean biomass was 381, 314 and 258mg C m-2 off southeastern Hokkaido, Sanriku and Joban, respectively. The total production (sum of growth, moults and eggs) during the survey period off southeastern Hokkaido (3,829mg C m-2) was comparable with that off Sanriku (3,872mg C m-2); both were much higher than that off Joban (2,243mg C m-2). The somatic production during the survey period contributed to the highest proportion (51.5-70.9 %) of the total production in the respective coastal areas. The total metabolism (routine and diurnal vertical migration) during the survey period ranged from 3,846mg C m-2 off southeastern Hokkaido to 3,062mg C m-2 off Joban, accounting for 50.1-57.7% of the assimilation (production and metabolism). The routine metabolism during the survey period ranged from 2,783mg C m-2 off Sanriku to 2,257mg C m-2 off Joban, contributing the highest proportion (32.8-42.5 %) to the assimilation in each coastal area. To examine how diets and feeding behavior change according to ambient food conditions, seasonal change in stomach contents of E. pacifica was surveyed in the coastal waters off southeastern Hokkaido and Joban. E. pacifica tended to consume many diatoms when high chlorophyll a concentrations occurred but tended to consume large numbers of copepods when the chlorophyll a concentration was low in each of the coastal areas surveyed. Both the numerical number and carbon content of copepods in the stomach of E. pacifica off Joban were generally higher than those off southeastern Hokkaido throughout the year. The copepod contribution to the total food ingestion for adult size of E. pacifica is estimated to be 7.3% and 30.0% off southeastern Hokkaido and Joban, respectively. The contribution of copepods as food of E. pacifica is thought to be higher in the southern warmer waters Finally, three key points are discussed from the results obtained in this study, in comparison with the cases of Euphausia superba and Neocalanus species, i.e. (1) significances of seasonal migration of E. pacifica, (2) mechanism of formation of fishing ground in E. pacifica in the Sanriku and Joban coastal waters, and (3) impact of feeding by E. pacifica on the primary and secondary production. | |||||
言語 | en | |||||
抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | ツノナシオキアミは北太平洋における優占するオキアミ類であり,本邦太平洋側ではオホーツク海南西部から駿河湾にかけて分布している。本種は冬春季の三陸・常磐沿岸において重要な漁獲対象種である。1992~2001年の年間平均漁獲量,漁獲金額はそれぞれ6万6千トン,31億円である。年間漁獲量,漁期及び漁獲金額の年変動は大きいため,安定した経営及び流通のため正確な資源量の評価及び漁況予測が求められている。一方,本種は,多くの固有種,回遊種の重要な餌となり,生態系における鍵種である。また,その大きな生物量を考慮すると,低次生産に対する捕食圧も大きなものと推察される。このように,本種が北太平洋において低次栄養段階から高次栄養段階への物質の輸送に重要な役割を果たしていることを考慮すると,海洋生態系の構造を理解するうえで,本種の分布,生活史及び炭素収支に関する定性・定量的な研究が重要となる。そこで,本研究では本州東方域における本種の漁業,水平・鉛直分布,生活史,生物量,炭素収支(生産量及び代謝量),食性を検討した。まず,海況変動がツノナシオキアミの漁況にどのように影響してきたか明らかにするために,本漁業の発展や漁獲規制を考慮しつつ,単位努力当り漁獲量(CPUE)等の漁況指数の経年変化を親潮第一分枝等の海況指数との関係で調べた。その結果,漁況と海況の関係では次のような傾向が認められた。すなわち,親潮第一分枝の南下が弱い年には,漁況は岩手県沿岸域では比較的安定するが,宮城県沿岸域及び常磐沿岸域では低い CPUE を示したり初漁日が遅くなったりして不漁を呈した。一方,親潮第一分枝の南下が強い年には,宮城県沿岸域及び常磐沿岸域では岩手県沿岸域と同様に高い CPUE を示したり初漁日が早くなったりして好漁を呈した。本州東方域におけるツノナシオキアミの水平分布及び生活史の平均像を明らかにするために,ノルパックネットと新稚魚ネットを用いて広域(約36-43°N,145°E 以西)における本種の産卵域,分布,成長の季節変化及び寿命を調べた。その結果,交尾と産卵は周年親潮域と親潮系冷水域で行われ,春季にその盛期を迎え,晩秋~冬季に停滞気味であった。成長については,小型成体(越冬前)において3~6月に明確な成長が認められた。寿命は,雄で24ヶ月,雌で28ヶ月と推定された。発育段階間の分布については,ファーシリア期から成体にかけて徐々に冷水域側に分布を拡げる一方,大型成体(越冬個体)で暖水域側に出現しなくなる傾向が認められた。また,産卵域や各発育段階の地理的な分布パターンは季節的な水塊の配置と密接な関係を有した。ツノナシオキアミの鉛直分布の実態及びそれを規定する物理・生物的環境要因を明らかにするため,ORI,ビームトロール,MOCNESS ネット標本を用いて本州東方域の三陸沿岸域(陸棚及び陸棚斜面上部)及び沖合域における本種の鉛直分布の季節変化を調べた。まず三陸沿岸域では,水温躍層が発達し近底層に8℃未満の冷水が存在する6~12月の陸棚斜面上部に本種の底付群が形成されていた。しかし,春季には全水柱をほぼ7-8℃で覆われる陸棚域で漂泳群が多く出現し,底付群は全沿岸域においてほとんど認められなかった。沖合域では,全測点平均でみると,夜間の分布深度(中央値)はファーシリア中期から大型成体にかけて発育するにつれて徐々に深くなる傾向が認められた。一方,昼間の分布深度はファーシリアⅠ期から同Ⅵ期にかけて発育するにつれて徐々に深くなる傾向が認められた。夏~秋季の暖水域における夜間の未成体及び成体の分布深度は深くなる傾向が認められ,特に大型成体は中層の躍層より上部をほとんど超えることができなかった。一方,春季の日中の未成体及び成体の分布深度は夏~秋季(300-400m)に比べ浅く(約150m),その結果鉛直幅の短くなる傾向が認められた。ツノナシオキアミの炭素収支の特徴を明らかにするため,道東~常磐沿岸域における本種の生物量,生産量及び代謝量を調べた。生物量は,道東域では夏~秋季,三陸・常磐域では晩春~初夏に高かった。年平均生物量は,道東,三陸,常磐域でそれぞれ381,314,258mg C m-2であった。ほぼ年間の全生産量(成長+脱皮+産卵)は,道東域(3,829mg C m-2)と三陸域(3,872mg C m-2)で同様であったが,両海域とも常磐域(2,243mg C m-2)より顕著に高かった。各海域において成長生産量が全生産量の占める割合(51.5-70.9%)が最も高かった。全代謝量(基礎代謝+鉛直移動による代謝)は3,062~3,486mg C m-2で,同化量(全生産量+全代謝量)の50.1-57.7% を占めた。このうち,基礎代謝量(2,257~2,783mg C m-2)は同化量の32.8-42.5% と,各海域とも最も高い割合を占めた。環境中の餌生物に応じてツノナシオキアミ成体の食性や摂餌様式がどのように変化するか明らかにするため,道東域及び常磐域における本種の胃内容物の季節変化を調べた。ツノナシオキアミは,環境中のクロロフィル a 濃度が高い時に多くの珪藻を摂餌し,クロロフィル a が低い時にカイアシ類を摂餌する傾向が認められた。一般に,胃内容中のカイアシ類の個体数及び炭素量とも常磐域の方が道東域より高かった。全摂餌量に対するカイアシ類の割合は道東域で7.3%,常磐域で30% と推定され,緯度の低い温暖な海域ほどカイアシ類の餌としての重要性が高まると考えられた。以上得られた結果をもとに,同属の南極オキアミやNeocalanus 属のカイアシ類と比較しながら,ツノナシオキアミの季節的回遊の重要性,三陸・常磐沿岸域における本種の漁場形成機構,本種の摂餌が低次生産に与える影響について論議した。 | |||||
言語 | ja | |||||
書誌情報 |
ja : 水産総合研究センター研究報告 en : Bulletin of Fisheries Research Agency 巻 18, p. 41-165, ページ数 125, 発行日 2006-11 |
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出版者 | 水産総合研究センター | |||||
言語 | ja | |||||
ISSN | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||
収録物識別子 | 1346-9894 | |||||
書誌レコードID | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||
収録物識別子 | AA11589591 | |||||
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識別子タイプ | Local | |||||
関連識別子 | fra_k_18_41 | |||||
関連サイト | ||||||
識別子タイプ | URI | |||||
関連識別子 | https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010740414 | |||||
関連名称 | 日本農学文献記事索引(AgriKnowledge) | |||||
著者版フラグ | ||||||
出版タイプ | VoR | |||||
出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |